Bulgaria

Introduction to the City Walls

Stretching over a length of 103 kilometers, the city walls of Istanbul, also known as the Theodosian Walls, stand as an enduring symbol of the city’s rich history and resilience. Constructed during the reign of Emperor Theodosius II in the 5th century, these walls were fortified with 94 towers, showcasing the remarkable architectural prowess of the Byzantine Empire.

Significance of the Doors

Throughout the length of these walls, numerous doors, both large and small, provided access to various neighborhoods, each bearing its own name derived from these entrances. Examples include Yenikapi, Egrikapi, Silivrikapi, Edirnekapi, Kumkapi, Ayakapi, and Bahcekapi. Despite the disappearance of some doors over time, the walls remain a significant symbol of the city’s heritage The Studios Monastery.

Efforts for Restoration and Protection

Recognizing the cultural and historic

The Studios Monastery A Byzantine Treasure

Introduction and History

The Studios Monastery stands as a testament to Byzantine religious architecture, being the oldest surviving structure of its kind. Founded in 454 A.D. in what is now the Yedikule neighborhood, it was dedicated to Saint Ioannes Prodromos. Under Ottoman rule, it was converted into a mosque during the reign of Sultan Beyazit II by Imrahor Ilyas Bey. Adjacent to the mosque, a Khalwati lodge was constructed, serving as a significant religious center in the city.

Damage and Abandonment

Over the centuries, the Studios Monastery faced various challenges. It suffered significant damage in the fire of 1782 and the earthquake of 1894. By 1908, neglect had taken its toll, causing the roof to collapse. Despite its historical significance, the structure was never restored. Today, it stands abandoned, with only its four walls remaining, devoid of a roof.

Architectural Features

The

Kiztaji (Markianos Column)

Located in a Fatih neighborhood of the same name, the Kiztap structure, or the Markianos Column by its Byzantine-era name, was constructed in the middle of a small square by the city’s governor Tatianus Decius in the name of Emperor Markianos City Walls of Istanbul A Symbol of Strength and History.

History and Restoration

Throughout the Ottoman Era, the monument remained in the garden of a home in Sara(hanebaşi. However, its surroundings suffered damage in the fire that occurred on August 23, 1908, known as the Qrorfire. Later, a small square was formed around it when the streets were rearranged.

Architectural Features

The base of the Markianos Column is adorned with two opposing figures of Nike, the goddess of victory, holding a shield. Unfortunately, the heads of these female figures were destroyed over time. It is these figures that ga